[u]美国独立宣言D林语堂译[/u]

　　《今译美国独立宣言》DD林语堂　　
　　　　咱们国事乱到这般田地，叫咱们不得不跟（英国）皇上分家，自起炉灶，除了老天爷以外，谁也不要管谁，所以这会子总应向大家交个账，说个明白，叫人家懂得这是怎么一回事，别疑心了咱们是在做什么坑崩拐骗蒙的好勾当。
　　　　“咱们不会歪缠，就是这么几名话。一则，你我大家比起人家都是一只鼻子两只眼睛，不认输l，说不定比人家还强的多着呢；二则，谁也别想贬却咱们的身分资格；三则，一个人要怎么活就可以怎么活，要怎么玩就可以怎么玩，要到哪儿去就可以到哪儿去，只要不碍着旁人就得了。什么鸟政府不放咱们这样，便是王八蛋。”还有，老百姓要什么政府就可自己做主，不干人家的鸟事。什么政府不给咱们这样就得滚他的蛋，再扶一个出来顶替。固然，象那些南美洲的傻子浑人，或者象什么共产党，天天革命，也不成个样子。或者衙门里老爷一做岔了事便革一回命，也是不成的。有时候，老爷们吞款舞弊，作恶为非，咱们闭着眼儿装不见，比起傻子浑人共产党天天革命还好，你只要不是什么无来由的，还能说声不是吗？但是国事混乱到这个分儿，一个人什么身分儿都没有了，任人当奴才看，到这会子，大家就得合拢来革那些狗官僚的命儿，另叫一般人来，给监视着，不让他们大模大样干他们偷鸡的勾当。咱们十三州老百姓就是这么一句话，罪受够了，再混也混不下去。
　　　　当今皇上乔治登基以来，政事就是一团糟，谁不服气来同他办交涉，就是一把拳头叫你吃，这还有什么天理么？咱们同他算一下账给你瞧。
　　　　咱们一体通过的条陈，他总批驳下来，咱们人人反对的条例，他倒给钦此了。
　　　　咱们有什么呈文，非他亲眼瞧过不成，呈文一上去，他却向口袋里一放，装着忘了，你同他提起，只给你一个不睬。
　　　　人家到宫里去呈请他立个新法，他就是这么一套：要末，把议会封起来，让他称孤道寡，孤行己意，不然，便是一个不行，两个不行。
　　　　他叫议会到那儿岭外天边三家村上去开会，乐得没人肯去，让他去一意横行霸道。
　　　　议员去找他，说什么好歹，他就是一溜不见，送他们回家。
　　　　议院封了，要叫开又不肯开，政事没人管，成个无法无天的天下。
　　　　他哄人家不要来咱们十三州。谁要来，也不让有报纸看，人家一看也不肯来了，就是来了，也不给田地，不得不回去，有的索性就不来。
　　　　他跟法官通同作弊，就不肯出钱多用几个官吏，人家有案子，三年两载还不见个动静，不发下来，只好认倒霉空手回去。
　　　　法官有什么不顺从他的意旨，就得滚蛋，官俸又不发，叫他们先来孝敬老天爷，不然也别想拿一个大。
　　　　高兴起了，就添了什么司什么员，安排一些不见经传的人小，钱向咱们老百姓腰包里拿，不管你情愿不情愿。
　　　　一个好好的太平天下，养了一大班丘八，惊扰百姓，咱们怎么抗议也没用。
　　　　他放着这些丘八作恶为非，横行霸道，不挂腰刀的人只好听他们排比。
　　　　他放贪官污吏到处作孽，一朝权在手，无恶不作，干起以下的事来：
　　　　叫一些毫无用处人人讨厌的丘八驻扎民家里。
　　　　丘八杀人，便做个圈套，放他们逍遥法外。
　　　　管人家的事。
　　　　征苛捐杂税，也不问一问咱们缴的税项有个缴税的道理没有。
　　　　把人捉将官里去，人家要叫百姓陪审，不让陪审。
　　　　把人无端赶出国外，事案是此地发的，叫人家到天边海外去受审。
　　　　放几个坏蛋充我们邻国的官员，慢慢的扩展，希望有一天把咱们也吞下去，同他们一般腐败。把宪法当做把戏，人人说好没人说坏的法律，他偏取消，让他一人去瞎干。
　　　　他把议院关了门，就象他一个人独干比别人干得好。现在一不做二不休，索性跟咱们开战，咱们还认什么皇上，做什么臣子？
　　　　他把城也烧了，人也杀了，比狗还不如，在海上还要兴师问罪。
　　　　他雇些荷兰杂种来打咱们，教他们只要打得过咱们，可以随意抢掠，什么万国公法都不顾了。
　　　　咱们自己人在海上给他捉去，不管愿意不愿意，就迫着拿起枪把杀咱们同胞。
　　　　他唆使印第安生番，给他们枪火，教他们打死咱们的男女老少。
　　　　“每回他这样干，咱们就不服同他反抗，每回咱们不服同他反抗，他还是照旧这样干下去。一个人老是这样蛮横不讲理，还有什么身分，就是不配来管咱们有身分失，应当滚蛋。”
　　　　“咱们向英国人讲理，总是不得要领。差不多天天咱们忠告他们，他们那边那些官僚违法越权，侵犯咱们。咱们老同他们讲，咱们是谁，咱们在做什么事，咱们为什么过海而来。咱们同他们讲公道，告诉他们，如果长此下去，咱们有一天要自己做自己打算，他们才知道利害。但是越和他们讲理，越无理可讲。可以见得他们不跟咱们一伙儿，就是同咱们为难，咱们就得同他们拚个高低，打完了再做道理。
　　　　因此，咱们决定，咱们代表十三州府的百姓在议会上议决：咱们合众国就是以前的十三州府，从此以后是自由国，照理就早该如此；咱们不认皇上，同他一刀两断，再也不听英国人的吩咐；咱们既然自由，自由国能干什么咱们就能干什么，尤重要的是宣战、议和、营商等等。
　　　　咱们拿圣经罚咒，大家一心一力，有首有尾，不顾利害，不论成败，不计吉凶，就是财破人亡，到断头台上，还是这样做去。



[u]通行的译文，不知何人所译：[/u]
　　
　　 大陆会议 （一七七六年七月四日）
　　美利坚合众国十三个州一致通过的独立宣言
　　
　　 在有关人类事务的发展过程中，当一个民族必须解除其和另一个民族之间的政治联系并在世界各国之间依照自然法则和上帝的意旨，接受独立和平等的地位时，出於对人类舆论的尊重，必须把他们不得不独立的原因予以宣布。
　　
　　 我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的 : 人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利 ，人类才在他们之间建立政府，而政府之正当权力，是经被治理者的同意而产生的。当任何形式的政府对这些目标具破坏作用时，人民便有权力改变或废除它，以建立一个新的政府 ;其赖以奠基的原则，其组织权力的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最可能获得他们的安全和幸福。为了慎重起见，成立多年的政府，是不应当由於轻微和短暂的原因而予以变更的。过去的一切经验也都说明，任何苦难，只要是尚能忍受，人类都宁愿容忍，而无意为了本身的权益便废除他们久已习惯了的政府。但是，当追逐同一目标的一连串滥用职权和强取豪夺发生，证明政府企图把人民置於专制统治之下时，那麽人民就有权利，也有义务推翻这个政府，并为他们未来的安全建立新的保障――这就是这些殖民地过去逆来顺受的情况，也是它们现在不得不改变以前政府制度的原因。当今大不列颠国王的历史，是接连不断的伤天害理和强取豪夺的历史，这些暴行的唯一目标，就是想在这些州建立专制的暴政。为了证明所言属实，现把下列事实向公正的世界宣布 --
　　
　　 他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必要的法律。
　　
　　 他禁止他的总督们批准迫切而极为必要的法律，要不就把这些法律搁置起来暂不生效，等待他的同意 ;而一旦这些法律被搁置起来，他对它们就完全置之不理。
　　
　　 他拒绝批准便利广大地区人民的其他法律，除非那些人民情愿放弃自己在立法机关中的代表权; 但这种权利对他们有无法估量的价值，而且只有暴君才畏惧这种权利。
　　
　　 他把各州立法团体召集到异乎寻常的、极为不便的、远离它们档案库的地方去开会，唯一的目的是使他们疲於奔命，不得不顺从他的意旨。
　　
　　 他一再解散各州的议会，因为它们以无畏的坚毅态度反对他侵犯人民的权利。
　　
　　 他在解散各州议会之後，又长期拒绝另选新议会; 但立法权是无法取消的，因此这项权力仍由一般人民来行使。其时各州仍然处於危险的境地，既有外来侵略之患，又有发生内乱之忧。
　　
　　 他竭力抑制我们各州增加人囗; 为此目的，他阻挠外国人入籍法的通过，拒绝批准其地鼓励外国人移居各州的法律，并提高分配新土地的条件。
　　
　　 他拒绝批准建立司法权力的法律，藉以阻挠司法工作的推行。
　　
　　 他把法官的任期、薪金数额和支付，完全置於他个人意志的支配之下。
　　
　　 他建立新官署，派遣大批官员，骚扰我们人民，并耗尽人民必要的生活物质。
　　
　　 他在和平时期，未经我们的立法机关同意，就在我们中间维持常备军。
　　
　　 他力图使军队独立於民政之外，并凌驾於民政之上。
　　
　　 他同某些人勾结起来把我们置於一种不适合我们的体制且不为我们的法律所承认的管辖之下 ;
　　 他还批准那些人炮制的各种伪法案来达到以下目的 :
　　 在我们中间驻扎大批武装部队 ;
　　 用假审讯来包庇他们，使他们杀害我们各州居民而仍然逍遥法外 ;
　　 切断我们同世界各地的贸易 ;
　　 未经我们同意便向我们强行徵税 ;
　　 在许多案件中剥夺我们享有陪审制的权益 ;
　　 编造罪名押送我们到海外去受审 ;
　　
　　 在一个邻省废除英国的自由法制，在那里建立专制政府，并扩大该省的疆界，企图把该省变成既是一个样板又是一值得心应手的工具，以便进而向这里的各殖民地推行同样的极权统治 ;取消我们的宪章，废除我们最宝贵的法律，并且根本上改变我们各州政府的形式 ;中止我们自己的立法机关行使权力，宣称他们自己有权就一切事宜为我们制定法律。
　　
　　 他宣布我们已不属他保护之列，并对我们作战，从而放弃了在这里的政务。 他在我们的海域大肆掠夺，蹂躏我们沿海地区，焚烧我们的城镇，残害我们人民的生命。
　　
　　 他此时正在运送大批外国佣兵来完成屠杀、破坏和肆虐的勾当，这种勾当早就开始，其残酷卑劣甚至在最野蛮的时代都难以找到先例。他完全不配件为一个文明国家的元首。
　　
　　 他在公海上俘虏我们的同胞，强迫他们拿起武器来反对自己的国家，成为残杀自己亲人和朋友的创子手，或是死於自己的亲人和朋友的手下。
　　
　　 他在我们中间煽动内乱，并且竭力挑唆那些残酷无情、没有开化的印第安人来杀掠我们追撞的居民 ; 而众所周知，印第安人的作战规律是不分男女老幼，一律格杀勿论的。
　　
　　 在这些压迫的每一阶段中，我们都是用最谦卑的言辞请求改善; 但屡次请求所得到的答覆是屡次遭受损害。一个君主，当他的品格已打上了暴君行为的烙印时，是不配作自由人民的统治者的。
　　
　　 我们不是没有顾念我们英国的弟兄。我们时常提醒他们，他们的立法机关企图把无理的管辖权横加到我们的头上。我们也曾把我们移民来这里和在这里定居的情形告诉他们。我们曾经向他们天生的正义感和雅量呼吁，我们恳求他们念在同种同宗的份上，弃绝这些掠夺行为，以免影响彼此的关系和往来。但是他们对於这种正义和血缘的呼声，也同样充耳不闻。因此，我们实在不得不宣布和他们脱离，并且以对待世界上其他民族一样的态度对待他们 : 和我们作战，就是敌人 ;和我们和好，就是朋友。
　　
　　 因此，我们，在大陆会议下集会的美利坚合众国代表，以各殖民地善良人民的名义，非经他们授权，向全世界最崇高的正义呼吁，说明我们的严正意向，同时郑重宣布; 这些联合一致的殖民地从此是自由和独立的国家，并且按其权利也必须是自由和独立的国家，它们取消一切对英国王室效忠的义务，它们和大不列颠国家之间的一切政治关系从此全部断绝，而且必须断绝 ; 作为自由独立的国家，它们完全有权宣战、缔和、结盟、通商和采取独立国家有权采取的一切行动。
　　
　　 为了支持这篇宣言，我们坚决信赖上帝的庇佑，以我们的生命、我们的财产和我们神圣的名誉，彼此宣誓。


[u]英文原文：[/u]

[size=3][color=#008000]The Declaration of Independence[/color][/size]

In Congress, July 4, 1776

The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the consent of the governed, -- That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new guards for their future security -- Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. -- The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.

He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.

He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.

He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.

He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our People, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.

He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power.

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:

For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:

For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:

For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences:

For abolishing the free system of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:

For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our Governments:

For suspending our own Legislature, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

In every stage of these Oppressions we have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

Nor have we been wanting in attention to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.

And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

:biggrin: 学者 :thumbs_up