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11个微妙的迹象表明你可能患有癌症

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Slide 1 of 13:  Cancer can occur anywhere in the body and cause "almost any" symptom, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS). Sometimes these symptoms are impossible to ignore. But sometimes they're vague and all too easy to brush aside or miss completely.  But noticing cancer symptoms is important, since treatments work best when the disease is found early. So INSIDER asked two doctors - Ioana Bonta, medical oncologist at Cancer Treatment Centers of America, and Marleen Meyers, breast medical oncologist at NYU Langone Medical Center - about cancer symptoms you might miss. Both stressed that, even if you notice a possible sign of cancer, you shouldn't panic. Lots of symptoms that sometimes indicate cancer are most often caused by something totally benign.  "Unless the symptoms are interfering with your day to day life or life-threatening, the key is to keep an eye on it for a while and see if it goes away, because for most people it will," Meyers said. Her rule of thumb: If a new symptom doesn't resolve after about two weeks, that's a good time to call your doctor.  This list is by no means exhaustive - symptoms can vary greatly based on cancer type, size, and location in the body - but it's a good place to start. Here are 11 possible symptoms to look out for.

根据美国癌症协会(ACS)介绍,癌症可在人体内的任何部位发生(cause "almost any" symptom)。有时这些症状是不可忽视的。 但有时它们很模糊,很容易被抛到一边或完全错过。

但是注意癌症是你能做的第一件事(treatments work best when the disease is found early)。 所以INSIDER问了两位医生 - 美国癌症治疗中心(Cancer Treatment Centers of America)的肿瘤内科医生伊万娜·邦塔(Ioana Bonta)和纽约大学朗格医学中心(NYU Langone Medical Center)乳腺癌医生玛伦迈·梅耶斯(Marleen Meyers)关于你可能会错过的癌症症状。

两人都强调,即使你有癌症的迹象,你也不应该恐慌。许多症状有时表明癌症是有一些完全良性的东西引起的。

“除非症状干扰你的日常生活或危及生命,否则关键是要关注它一段时间,看看它是否会消失,因为对于大多数人来说,它会。”梅耶斯说道。她的经验法则:如果大约两周后出现新的症状,那么现在是打电话给医生的好时机。

这份清单并非详尽无遗 - 根据癌症类型,大小和身体部位,症状可能会有很大差异 - 但这是一个很好的起点。 这里有11种可能的症状需要注意。

Slide 2 of 13:  Both Bonta and Meyers listed fatigue - tiredness that doesn't get better with rest - as a cancer symptom that's easy to miss. "When you have fatigue, my recommendation is do a little bit of analysis," Bonta said. There could be any easy explanation - maybe you've been sleeping poorly or recently started a new medication. "But if all the other things are in order and this is a new symptom for you, then I'd be worried about it," Bonta said.

1.疲劳

邦塔和耶斯都列出了疲劳 - 疲倦并没有因休息而变得更好(tiredness that doesn't get better with rest) - 这是一种容易错过的癌症症状。

“当你疲劳时,我的建议是做一些分析,”邦塔说。 可能有任何简单的解释 - 也许你一直睡得不好或最近开始服用新药。

“但如果所有其他事情都井然有序,这对你来说是一种新的症状,那么我会担心它。”邦塔说道。

Slide 3 of 13: "One thing that's often overlooked are skin cancers and skin lesions," Meyers said. "Skin cancers don't necessarily look ugly and scary. They sometimes can look like just little raised pink growths. Melanomas, which are the most deadly type of skin cancer, aren't necessarily pigmented and they also can occur in odd places in the body, including under your fingernails under your toenails.""For skin cancer we have to know our own skin and see if there's any change," Bonta added. (Here's a simple guide to skin checks from the ACS.)A wound that won't heal is another potential sign of skin cancer, dermatologist Dr. Allison Arthur previously explained to INSIDER. "A common story that my patients will tell me is, 'I have this sore, I thought it was a pimple, it bled, and then I thought it was going away but then it bled again,'" she said.

2.皮肤肿块

“经常被忽视的一件事是皮肤癌和皮肤病变,”迈耶斯说。“皮肤癌看起来并不一定看起来很丑陋和可怕。它们有时候看起来就像是一点点粉红色的增长。黑色素瘤是最致命的皮肤癌类型,不一定是色素沉着的,也可能出现在奇怪的地方,包括你脚趾甲下面。

“对于皮肤癌,我们必须了解自己的皮肤,看看是否有任何变化。”邦塔补充道。 (以下是来自ACS的皮肤检查的简单指南【a simple guide to skin checks】。)

皮肤科医生艾莉·森亚瑟(Allison Arthur)此前向INSIDER解释说,一种无法愈合的伤口是皮肤癌的另一个潜在迹象(potential sign of skin cancer)。

“我的患者会告诉我的一个常见故事是,'我有这种疼痛,我认为这是一个疙瘩,它流血,然后我认为它会消失,但之后再次流血。'”她说道。

Slide 4 of 13:  Bonta said that unexplained weight loss can be a symptom of cancer. If you drop 10 pounds or more without trying to, it's worth calling your doctor.The ACS says unexplained weight loss happens most often pancreatic, stomach, esophageal, and lung cancers.

3.原因不明的体重减轻

邦塔说无法解释的体重减轻可能是癌症的症状。 如果你没有尝试减掉10磅或更多,那么值得给你的医生打电话。

ACS表示不明原因的体重减轻(unexplained weight loss)最常发生在胰腺癌,胃癌,食道癌和肺癌。

Slide 5 of 13: Lumps are the most common sign of breast cancer, according to the ACS. But they're not the only sign. Skin changes on your breasts - including rashes, irritation, dimpling, and scaly, red, or thickened nipples - may also indicate cancer. "The breast is not a common place to have a rash," Bonta said. "I would look into that."

4.乳房皮疹

根据ACS的说法,肿块是乳腺癌最常见的征兆(Lumps are the most common sign of breast cancer)。 但它们不是唯一的标志。

乳房皮肤的变化 - 包括皮疹,红肿,凹陷(rashes, irritation, dimpling),鳞片,红色或增厚的乳头(nipples) - 也可能表明癌症。

“乳房不是常见是皮疹,”邦塔说。 “我会调查那个。”

Slide 6 of 13:  Ovarian cancer can be tough to catch in its early stages. One possible symptom might be early satiety, Bonta said. That's when you feel full after eating only small amounts of food. The National Ovarian Cancer Coalition has a complete list of possible signs and symptoms women should know about.

5.感觉很快就饱

卵巢癌在早期阶段很难被捕获(can be tough to catch in its early stages)。邦塔说,一种可能的症状可能是早饱。 那是在你吃了少量食物后感到饱的时候。

国家卵巢癌联盟有一份完整的清单,列出了女性应该了解的可能症状和体征(complete list of possible signs and symptoms)。

Slide 7 of 13: People with ovarian cancer may also experience bloating or a swelling stomach, Bonta said."If a woman reports pelvic or abdominal pain, increased abdominal size, bloating, difficulty eating, or feeling full quickly - and if the symptoms are new within the past year and if they occur more than 12 times per month - it's a red flag."

6.腹胀

邦塔说,卵巢癌患者也可能出现腹胀或肚子肿胀。

“如果女性报告盆腔或腹部疼痛,腹部尺寸增大,腹胀,进食困难或感觉很快就饱 - 如果症状在过去一年内是新的,如果每月发生超过12次 - 这是一个危险信号。”

Slide 8 of 13:  Meyers said poor appetite can sometimes be a cancer symptom. According to the US National Institutes of Health, it may signal colon cancer, ovarian cancer, stomach cancer, or pancreatic cancer.

7.胃口不好

梅耶斯说食欲不振有时可能是一种癌症症状。根据美国国立卫生研究院的数据,它可能是结肠癌,卵巢癌,胃癌或胰腺癌的信号(colon cancer, ovarian cancer, stomach cancer, or pancreatic cancer)。

Slide 9 of 13:  Bonta said that fever is sometimes a cancer symptom. Most often, it's a sign that a cancer has spread to a different part of the body than where it started, but it can be an early symptom of blood cancers leukemia or lymphoma, according to the ACS.

8.发烧

邦塔说发烧有时是一种癌症症状。 根据ACS的说法,大多数情况下,这表明癌症已经扩散到身体的不同部位而不是它的开始,但它可能是血液癌症白血病或淋巴瘤(leukemia or lymphoma)的早期症状。

Slide 10 of 13:  "Any pain that's out of proportion with your activity is a red flag," Bonta said. "If I go to the gym today and I pull a muscle, I have a reason for pain. But if I have leg pain, I don't remember injuring my leg, it doesn't go away, and three days later I still have to take pain medication, that's a problem."

9.疼痛

“任何与你的活动不成比例的痛苦都是一个危险信号,”邦塔说。 “如果我今天去健身房并且我拉到一块肌肉,我有理由感到疼痛。但如果我有腿部疼痛,我不记得伤了我的腿,它不会消失,3天后我仍然必须服用止痛药,这是一个问题。“

Slide 11 of 13:  People with  anemia don't have enough healthy, normal red blood cells. Iron-deficiency anemia - the most common type, according to the Mayo Clinic - can occur because of blood loss.  Bonta said some iron deficiency anemia is easily explained - it can happen to women with heavy periods, for example. But unexplained iron deficiency anemia may be a "red flag" for cancer in the colon or rectum, she added.  The ACS explains that some colorectal cancers, as they're often called, can bleed into the intestine. Over time that loss of blood may lead to anemia, and the blood may not always be visible or noticeable in the stool. In fact, the ACS says, a blood test that reveals a low red blood cell count is sometimes the first sign of a colorectal cancer.

10.贫血

贫血患者没有足够健康,正常的红细胞。 缺铁性贫血 - 根据梅奥诊所的最常见类型(most common type) - 可能因失血而发生。

邦塔说,很容易解释一些缺铁性贫血症 - 例如,可能会发生在病情较重的女性身上(women with heavy periods)。 但她补充说,不明原因的缺铁性贫血可能是结肠或直肠癌症的“危险信号”。

ACS解释说,一些结肠直肠癌,因为它们经常被这么成为,可以流入肠道(can bleed into the intestine)。随着时间的推移,血液流失可能导致贫血,并且粪便中的血液可能并不总是可见或明显。 事实上,ACS说,血液检查显示红细胞计数低,有时是结直肠癌的第一个迹象(first sign of a colorectal cancer)。

Slide 12 of 13:  Changes in bowel movements or urine can be signs of a few different cancers. Blood in the stool can signify stomach cancer or colorectal cancers. Other changes in bowel movements, like diarrhea or constipation that last more than a few days, can also be signs of colorectal cancer, the ACS explains.  Bonta said that, in men, blood in the urine, needing to pee freqeuntly at night, sudden urges to urinate, or a weak stream of urine could indicate prostate cancer. In women, urinary frequency and urgency can be signs of ovarian cancer, according to the ACS.  And in all people, certain urinary changes may also be symptoms of kidney and bladder cancers, the ACS says. So it pays to be alert and notice when there's a long-lasting change in your normal bathroom habits.

11.去洗手间时的变化

排便或尿液的变化可能是一些不同癌症的迹象。

便血可能意味着胃癌(stomach cancer)或结肠直肠癌。 ACS解释说,排便的其他变化,如持续超过几天的腹泻或便秘,也可能是结直肠癌的征兆。

邦塔说,在男性中,尿液中的血液,需要在夜间频繁尿尿,突然催促小便,或者尿液流量不足可能表明前列腺癌(indicate prostate cancer)。

ACS表示,在女性中,尿频和尿急可能是卵巢癌的体征(urinary frequency and urgency can be signs of ovarian cancer)。

ACS表示,在所有人中,某些尿液变化也可能是肾癌(kidney)和膀胱癌(bladder)的症状。 因此,当您正常的上洗手间习惯发生长期变化时,要保持警惕并注意。

 

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