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6种变成现实的健康“神话”

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Slide 1 of 14: While carrots won't improve your vision, research suggests that they can help maintain it. The reason lies with beta carotene, a carotenoid (or pigment) that the body converts to vitamin A. Your body uses vitamin A to build proteins for eye cells; if you have too little of it, you might even suffer from night blindness. Furthermore, a study published in JAMA Ophthalmology found that people who ate high levels of carotenoids had a 40 percent lower risk of developing advanced macular degeneration, the most common cause of age-related blindness. And for the record, it's not just carrots: Sweet potatoes and orange peppers, as well as dark, leafy greens like spinach and kale are also rich in carotenoids. Now that you know which health myths are actually true, make sure you read up on these 59 rampant health myths that seriously need to be debunked.

我们以前都认为这些是荒谬的神话。 现在,新科学证明它们是真的。 确保您的健康知识是最新的。

真实:每天一个苹果可以让你远离疾病

Slide 2 of 14: While eating an apple a day probably won't keep you from catching that nasty cold going around the office, a number of studies suggest that it could provide even greater health benefits. Researchers from the University of Oxford estimate that if every adult over 50 ate an apple a day, it could prevent or delay approximately 8,500 vascular deaths from heart attacks and strokes every year in the U.K. Scientists at Cornell also found that eating apples—thanks to their healthy substances like flavonoids and antioxidants—could inhibit the development of breast cancer. How 'bout them apples?

虽然每天吃一个苹果可能不会阻止你在办公室远离发现令人讨厌的寒冷,但许多研究表明它可以提供更大的健康效果。牛津大学(the University of Oxford)的研究人员估计,如果每个50岁以上的成年人每天吃一个苹果,它可以在英国每年预防或延迟大约8,500次血管性心脏病和中风死亡。康奈尔大学(Scientists at Cornell )的科学家们还发现,吃苹果 - 由于其类黄酮和抗氧化剂等健康物质 - 可以抑制乳腺癌的发展。

真实:你可以在周末弥补失去的睡眠

 Slide 3 of 14: The negative effects of not getting enough sleep on a regular basis have been well documented—from impaired performance and concentration to increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, and even early death—and for a long time, scientists insisted that you couldn't 'make up' missed sleep. But Swedish researchers are challenging that idea. They found that people who slept for five hours or less each night had a 65 percent higher chance of dying before those who regularly got six or seven hours; however, people who slept five hours a night on weekdays, but longer on weekends, lived just as long as those who slept longer every night.

没有充分记录睡眠的负面影响已被充分记录(well documented) - 从受损的表现和注意力到心脏病,糖尿病甚至增加早期死亡的风险 - 并且很长一段时间,科学家坚持认为你不能' 弥补'失去的睡眠。但瑞典研究人员(Swedish researchers)正在挑战这一想法。他们发现,每晚睡5个小时或更少的人的死亡率要比在经常有六七个小时睡眠的人要高65%;然而,平日每晚睡5个小时但周末睡得更长的人和每晚睡得更久的人活得一样长。

真实:吃得晚会让你体重增加

Slide 4 of 14: Research tends to support this point, showing that late-night eaters tend to weigh more and have a higher BMI than those who eat earlier in the day, but not because food somehow triples in calories after 10 p.m. One issue seems to lie in the choices people make late at night, according to a number of studies cited by U.S. News & World Report. For example, late-night eaters tend to binge-eat more frequently and consume more calories. Some researchers also theorize that eating at night can disrupt your circadian rhythms and your body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels, and yet still others have found that daytime eating better regulates the hunger hormones ghrelin and leptin, making you more likely to feel full at the end of the day and less likely to overindulge. Don't fall for these 15 food myths that are also making you gain weight.

研究倾向于支持这一点,表明深夜食客体重往往比那天早些时候吃的人体重更高,体重指数更高,但并不是因为食物在晚上10点后以某种方式增加了3倍的卡路里。根据美国新闻与世界报道(U.S. News & World Report)引用的一些研究,一个问题似乎在于人们在深夜做出的选择。例如,深夜食用者倾向于更频繁地进食食物并消耗更多卡路里。一些研究人员还推测,夜间进食可以破坏你的昼夜节律和你的身体调节血糖水平的能力。不要因为这15种让你体重增加的食物神话而堕落(15 food myths that are also making you gain weight)。

真实:没穿夹克到户外会感冒

Slide 5 of 14: While you need to be exposed to a germ to get sick, you may be more susceptible to that germ when you're shivering. One study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showed that immune cells in your nose and upper airway may not function as well in cooler temperatures. Plus, viruses can become more virulent in the cold, according to the NIH. That's because cold weather makes the outer membrane of the flu virus solidify, so the germ becomes more durable and easier to transmit. Once it enters your respiratory tract, the gel coating liquefies and the virus is ready to wreak havoc on your body.

虽然你需要接触细菌才能生病,但当你发抖的时候,你可能更容易受到这种细菌的影响。发表在“美国国家科学院院刊”(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)上的一项研究表明,鼻子和上呼吸道的免疫细胞在较冷的温度下可能无法正常运作。美国国立卫生研究院(according to the NIH)表示,病毒在感冒时会变得更具毒性。那是因为寒冷的天气使流感病毒的外膜固化,因此细菌变得更耐用,更容易传播。一旦进入呼吸道,凝胶涂层就会液化,病毒就会对你的身体造成严重破坏。

离电视机太近会伤害你的眼睛

Slide 6 of 14: Actually, this is partially a myth: Despite what mom said, sitting close to the TV seems to be relatively safe, research suggests, with the only potential risks being eye strain and fatigue. But staring at your smartphone—arguably the 21st-century version of this myth—might cause some serious damage. Researchers from the University of Toledo found that the blue light from a smartphone or computer could harm the retina, as well as speed up blindness in patients with macular degeneration. Other scientists worry about children, in particular: One study found that kids who spent seven or more hours per week using computers or playing mobile video games tripled their risk of developing nearsightedness (myopia), while another discovered that children who held their phones eight to 12 inches from their eyes for prolonged periods of time were at a greater risk for temporary convergent strabismus, aka going cross-eyed. Check out these health 'facts' that are no longer true.

实际上,这部分是一个神话:尽管妈妈说,坐在靠近电视的地方似乎相对安全,研究表明,唯一潜在的风险是眼睛紧张和疲劳。但是盯着你的智能手机 - 可以说是这个神话的21世纪版本 - 可能会造成一些严重的伤害。托莱多大学的研究人员发现(Researchers from the University of Toledo),智能手机或电脑的蓝光可能会损害视网膜,并加速患者黄斑变性和失明。其他科学家特别担心儿童:一项研究发现(One study),每周花7小时或更长时间使用电脑或玩移动视频游戏的孩子,他们患近视眼(近视)的风险增加了两倍,另外一项研究发现(another discovered),儿童长时间将手机放在距离眼睛8到12英寸,斜视的风险更大。

真实:辛辣食物可以帮助你减肥

Slide 7 of 14: While an extra jalapeño or two won't make the pounds magically melt off, one study suggests that the capsaicin in chili peppers can help with weight loss by encouraging thermogenesis, the production of heat in the body, and that can promote fat-burning. Other researchers have found that spices like cayenne can curb your appetite, help you feel full, and decrease your desire for fatty, sweet, and salty foods, making you less likely to overeat.

虽然一两个额外的墨西哥辣椒不会使体重神奇地融化,但一项研究表明(one study),辣椒中的辣椒素可以通过促进产热,体内产生热量以及促进脂肪燃烧来帮助减轻体重。其他研究人员发现(Other researchers),像辣椒这样的香料可以抑制食欲,帮助你感觉饱腹,减少你对脂肪,甜味和咸味食物的渴望,使你不太可能吃得过饱。

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